Methotrexate is a well-established medication widely prescribed in Australia for managing various inflammatory and autoimmune conditions. Known for its effectiveness in controlling disease activity and preventing tissue damage, methotrexate plays a crucial role in improving the quality of life for many Australians living with chronic illnesses.
Primary Uses of Methotrexate
Methotrexate is primarily used as a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD), which means it helps slow down the progression of certain diseases rather than just relieving symptoms. Its main applications include:
- Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA): Methotrexate is the cornerstone treatment for RA, a condition where the immune system attacks the joints causing pain, swelling, and stiffness. Methotrexate helps reduce inflammation, prevent joint damage, and improve physical function.
- Psoriatic Arthritis: Similar to RA, this form of arthritis affects some people with psoriasis. Methotrexate helps control joint inflammation and skin symptoms.
- Severe Psoriasis: For individuals with extensive or resistant psoriasis, methotrexate can reduce the rapid skin cell growth and inflammation that characterize this condition.
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): Including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, methotrexate helps suppress the overactive immune response causing bowel inflammation. It may reduce reliance on steroids and maintain remission.
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): Methotrexate is sometimes used to manage lupus symptoms, particularly joint and skin involvement.
How Does Methotrexate Work?
Methotrexate works by dampening the immune system’s overactivity that drives inflammation and tissue damage in these diseases. It is not a painkiller but a medication that modifies the disease course, often taking several weeks (4 to 12 weeks) to show noticeable benefits.
How is Methotrexate Taken?
In Australia, methotrexate is usually prescribed once a week, either as a tablet or an injection under the skin or into the muscle. Taking methotrexate weekly, rather than daily, is important to reduce side effects and ensure safety. Patients are advised to take it consistently on the same day each week, often on an empty stomach, although food can be taken to reduce nausea.
Monitoring and Safety
Because methotrexate affects the immune system and organs like the liver and kidneys, regular blood tests are essential to monitor for side effects and ensure safe use. Patients are also advised to avoid excessive alcohol consumption due to increased risk of liver damage.
Additional Benefits
Research shows methotrexate not only controls symptoms but can also reduce the risk of complications such as heart disease in rheumatoid arthritis patients, ultimately improving long-term outcomes.
Summary
Methotrexate is a vital medication in Australia for treating a range of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, severe psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, and lupus. Its ability to modify disease progression and reduce inflammation makes it a cornerstone of therapy for many chronic conditions. If prescribed methotrexate, it is important to follow your healthcare provider’s instructions carefully and attend regular monitoring appointments to ensure the best outcomes.