Cefalexin, also known as cephalexin, is a widely prescribed antibiotic in Australia that effectively treats a variety of bacterial infections. It belongs to the cephalosporin class of antibiotics and works by killing bacteria that cause infections in different parts of the body. Here’s a detailed look at the common uses of cefalexin in Australia, how it works, and important considerations for patients.
Common Infections Treated with Cefalexin
In Australia, cefalexin is primarily used to manage infections caused by susceptible bacteria in several areas, including:
- Respiratory Tract Infections: This includes infections of the throat, tonsils, sinuses, chest, and lungs. Cefalexin targets bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes that commonly cause these illnesses.
- Ear Infections (Otitis Media): Cefalexin is effective against bacteria responsible for middle ear infections, including Haemophilus influenzae and Staphylococcus aureus.
- Skin and Soft Tissue Infections: It treats cellulitis, abscesses, and other skin infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes.
- Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs): Cefalexin is used to treat infections of the kidneys, bladder, and prostate caused by bacteria like Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, and Klebsiella species.
- Bone and Joint Infections: It is sometimes prescribed for osteomyelitis and septic arthritis caused by susceptible bacteria.
How Does Cefalexin Work?
Cefalexin kills bacteria by interfering with their ability to form cell walls, which are essential for their survival. Without a strong cell wall, bacteria rupture and die, allowing the body to clear the infection. This bactericidal action makes cefalexin effective against many gram-positive and some gram-negative bacteria.
Important Usage Information
- Prescription Only: In Australia, cefalexin is only available with a doctor’s prescription.
- Forms Available: It comes in capsules, tablets, and oral suspensions, making it suitable for adults and children.
- Complete the Full Course: To prevent the infection from returning and to avoid antibiotic resistance, it’s crucial to finish the entire prescribed course, even if you start feeling better early.
- Not Effective Against Viruses: Cefalexin does not work for viral infections such as colds or the flu.
- Allergy Considerations: Patients allergic to penicillin or other cephalosporins should inform their healthcare provider before using cefalexin due to potential cross-reactivity.
Safety and Side Effects
Common side effects include stomach upset, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and mild skin rashes. Serious allergic reactions are rare but require immediate medical attention. If you experience symptoms like swelling, difficulty breathing, or severe rash, seek emergency care promptly.
Summary
Cefalexin is a trusted antibiotic in Australia used to treat a broad range of bacterial infections, including those affecting the respiratory tract, ears, skin, urinary tract, and bones. Its ability to effectively kill bacteria makes it a valuable medication in managing infections. Always use cefalexin under medical supervision, follow your doctor’s instructions carefully, and complete the full course for the best outcomes.