Zofran, whose generic name is ondansetron, is a widely used medication in Australia designed to prevent and treat nausea and vomiting. It is particularly effective for symptoms caused by chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery, and other medical conditions. Available in various forms including tablets, wafers, syrup, suppositories, and injections, Zofran offers flexible options tailored to patient needs.
What Is Zofran Used For?
In Australia, Zofran is primarily prescribed for:
- Prevention and treatment of nausea and vomiting induced by cytotoxic chemotherapy and radiotherapy
- Management of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) following surgical procedures
- Prevention and treatment of nausea and vomiting in paediatric patients aged 2 to 12 years
These indications are supported by Australian therapeutic guidelines and product information.
How Does Zofran Work?
Zofran belongs to a class of drugs called 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. It works by blocking serotonin receptors in the brain and gastrointestinal tract that trigger nausea and vomiting reflexes. Unlike some other antiemetics, ondansetron does not affect dopamine receptors, which reduces the risk of certain side effects such as movement disorders.
Forms and Dosage Available in Australia
Zofran is available in multiple formulations to suit different patient preferences and clinical situations:
- Tablets: Film-coated tablets in strengths like 4 mg, 8 mg, and 24 mg, typically taken orally.
- Orally Disintegrating Wafers (Zydis): These dissolve quickly on the tongue without water, ideal for patients with difficulty swallowing or severe nausea.
- Injection: Intravenous or intramuscular forms used mainly in hospital settings.
- Syrup and Suppositories: Alternative forms for pediatric or patients unable to take oral medication.
Dosage varies based on the condition treated, patient age, and severity of symptoms. For example, adults undergoing chemotherapy often receive 8 mg doses before treatment, while postoperative nausea prevention might involve a single 4 mg dose before anesthesia.
Safety and Side Effects
Zofran is generally well tolerated, but some common side effects include:
- Headache
- Constipation or diarrhoea
- Dizziness
- Fatigue
- Allergic reactions (rare)
Serious but uncommon risks include QT interval prolongation (a heart rhythm disorder), so patients with heart conditions should use Zofran cautiously.
Use During Pregnancy
Ondansetron is sometimes prescribed off-label in Australia for severe pregnancy-related nausea and vomiting, such as hyperemesis gravidarum. While large studies have not shown significant risks to the fetus, some caution is advised, especially during the first trimester. Pregnant women should always consult their healthcare provider before using Zofran.
Prescription and Availability in Australia
Zofran is a Schedule 4 (Prescription Only Medicine) in Australia, meaning it requires a doctor’s prescription. It is available at pharmacies nationwide and is listed on the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS), allowing eligible patients to access it at subsidised prices.
Reporting Side Effects
Patients are encouraged to report any side effects to their healthcare provider or directly to the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) via their website. This helps ensure ongoing monitoring of the medication’s safety profile.
Zofran (ondansetron) is a trusted and effective medication in Australia for managing nausea and vomiting related to cancer treatments, surgery, and other causes. Its multiple forms and proven efficacy make it a valuable tool for improving patient comfort and quality of life. Always use Zofran under medical supervision and discuss any concerns or questions with your healthcare provider.