The spleen is an important organ located under the left ribcage, playing a key role in filtering blood, fighting infections, and managing blood cells. Many Australians face spleen removal (splenectomy) due to trauma, blood diseases, or other medical conditions, raising the common question: Can you live without your spleen?
Yes, You Can Live Without a Spleen – But With Important Precautions
Surprisingly to many, it is possible to live without a spleen. The body can adapt, and other organs like the liver help compensate for some of the spleen’s functions. However, the spleen plays a crucial role in defending against certain bacteria, so its absence increases the risk of serious infections.
What Are the Risks After Spleen Removal?
People without a functioning spleen have a lifelong higher risk of severe bacterial infections, especially from encapsulated bacteria such as:
- Streptococcus pneumoniae (causing pneumonia)
- Neisseria meningitidis (causing meningitis)
- Haemophilus influenzae type b
These infections can develop rapidly and become life-threatening, a condition known as Overwhelming Post-Splenectomy Infection (OPSI). OPSI has a high mortality rate and can cause severe complications, including limb amputations in survivors.
The risk is particularly high in children under five and within the first two years after spleen removal, but it remains elevated throughout life.
How to Stay Healthy Without a Spleen in Australia
Australians without a spleen or with reduced spleen function should take the following steps to protect their health:
- Vaccinations:
It is vital to get vaccinated against pneumococcus, meningococcus, Haemophilus influenzae type b, and influenza. These vaccines are often funded under the National Immunisation Program and can be accessed through GPs or community clinics. - Antibiotic Prophylaxis:
Doctors commonly prescribe low-dose antibiotics, especially for the first few years after splenectomy or lifelong in some cases, to prevent bacterial infections. - Early Recognition of Infection:
Be vigilant for symptoms such as fever, chills, severe headache, sore throat, cough, abdominal pain, or unexplained fatigue. Early medical assessment and prompt antibiotic treatment can be lifesaving. - Emergency Preparedness:
Carry medical alert identification indicating your spleen status and have an emergency supply of antibiotics if recommended by your healthcare provider. - Register with Support Services:
Programs like Spleen Australia provide education, reminders for vaccinations, and access to specialist care for people without a functioning spleen.
Living Well Without a Spleen
With proper care and awareness, many Australians live healthy, active lives without their spleen. Regular medical follow-ups, staying up to date with vaccines, and promptly addressing infections are key to reducing risks.
Summary
While living without a spleen is possible, it requires lifelong vigilance to prevent serious infections. Australians who have had their spleen removed or have impaired spleen function should follow medical advice on vaccinations, antibiotics, and infection awareness. Support services like Spleen Australia offer valuable resources to help manage these risks effectively.