For women in Australia who have had their spleen removed or who live without a functioning spleen, questions about pregnancy and childbirth are common. The good news is that having a baby without a spleen is possible, but it requires careful planning and medical care to ensure the best outcomes for both mother and baby.
What Does the Spleen Do and Why Does It Matter in Pregnancy?
The spleen plays a key role in filtering blood and supporting the immune system by fighting infections. Without a functioning spleen (a condition called asplenia or hyposplenism), the body becomes more vulnerable to certain bacterial infections, which can be more severe during pregnancy.
Is Pregnancy Safe Without a Spleen?
According to Australian medical guidelines and research, pregnancy itself does not increase the risk of overwhelming infections in women without a spleen. However, because these women have a lifelong increased risk of serious infections caused by encapsulated bacteria (such as pneumococcus, meningococcus, and Haemophilus influenzae type b), they need special care during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
Vaccinations Are Essential
Vaccinations are a cornerstone of care for pregnant women without a spleen in Australia. Importantly:
- Vaccines like the pneumococcal 13-valent conjugate vaccine (PCV13), meningococcal ACWY vaccine, and a single dose of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine are recommended and can be safely administered during pregnancy.
- Live vaccines are generally avoided during pregnancy but are not part of the routine vaccines recommended for asplenic patients.
- Influenza vaccination is also advised to protect both mother and baby.
These vaccines help reduce the risk of severe infections and are often funded under Australia’s National Immunisation Program.
Antibiotic Precautions
Women without a spleen may be prescribed preventive antibiotics during pregnancy and postpartum, especially if they have additional risk factors or a history of infections. Having an emergency supply of antibiotics at home is also recommended in case of sudden illness.
Pregnancy Outcomes and Risks
Research indicates that women who have had a splenectomy may face higher risks of certain pregnancy complications, such as:
- Preterm delivery
- Increased rates of cesarean section
- Higher likelihood of infections like pneumonia during pregnancy
These risks highlight the importance of close monitoring by obstetricians familiar with asplenia.
Special Considerations During Labor and Delivery
Women without a spleen should inform their healthcare team early in pregnancy. This ensures:
- Appropriate infection prevention measures during labor and delivery
- Careful anesthesia planning to reduce complications
- Prompt management of any infections or complications
Breastfeeding and Spleen Health
Breastfeeding is generally safe and encouraged. Vaccination recommendations and infection precautions continue during breastfeeding to protect both mother and infant.
Support and Resources in Australia
Programs like Spleen Australia provide valuable information, vaccination reminders, and support for people living without a spleen, including pregnant and breastfeeding women. Registering with such services can improve care coordination and health outcomes.
Summary
Women in Australia can have a healthy pregnancy and baby without a spleen, provided they receive specialized care. Vaccinations, infection prevention, and close medical monitoring are key to managing the increased risks associated with asplenia. If you are pregnant or planning pregnancy and have no spleen, speak with your healthcare provider early to develop a tailored care plan.