Cephalexin is a widely prescribed antibiotic in Australia, known for its effectiveness in treating a variety of bacterial infections. As a member of the cephalosporin class, cephalexin is closely related to penicillin and works by targeting and eliminating bacteria responsible for infections in different parts of the body. This blog post will explore the uses, mechanism, and key information about cephalexin antibiotics available to Australians.
What is Cephalexin?
Cephalexin (also spelled cefalexin) is a first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic. It is commonly used to treat infections caused by susceptible bacteria by disrupting their cell wall synthesis, which ultimately leads to bacterial death. Cephalexin is effective against many gram-positive bacteria and some gram-negative bacteria, making it versatile for treating a range of infections.
Common Uses of Cephalexin in Australia
In Australia, cephalexin is prescribed for infections including:
- Respiratory tract infections: Such as infections of the throat, tonsils, sinuses, chest, and lungs caused by bacteria like Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes.
- Middle ear infections (otitis media): Effective against common pathogens including Haemophilus influenzae and Staphylococcus aureus.
- Skin and soft tissue infections: Including cellulitis and infected wounds caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes.
- Genitourinary tract infections: Such as bladder infections, kidney infections, and acute prostatitis caused by Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, and Klebsiella species.
- Bone infections: Cephalexin can be used to treat osteomyelitis caused by susceptible bacteria.
It is important to note that cephalexin is ineffective against viral infections like the common cold or influenza.
How Does Cephalexin Work?
Cephalexin functions by inhibiting the cross-linking of peptidoglycan chains in bacterial cell walls. This action weakens the cell wall, causing the bacteria to rupture and die. This mechanism makes cephalexin bactericidal, meaning it kills bacteria rather than merely stopping their growth.
Dosage and Administration
Cephalexin is available in various forms in Australia, including capsules, tablets, and oral suspension. The dosage depends on the type and severity of the infection, as well as the patient’s age and kidney function.
- Adults: Commonly prescribed doses range from 250 mg to 500 mg every 6 to 12 hours, with total daily doses up to 4 grams for severe infections.
- Children: Dosage is weight-based, typically 25 to 50 mg/kg/day divided into multiple doses.
- Duration: Treatment usually lasts from 7 to 14 days depending on the infection, with some conditions requiring longer courses.
Safety and Precautions
- Allergies: Patients allergic to penicillin or other cephalosporins should inform their healthcare provider, as cross-reactivity can occur in up to 10% of cases.
- Side Effects: Common side effects include gastrointestinal upset (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea), rash, and rarely, allergic reactions. Serious adverse effects are uncommon but require immediate medical attention.
- Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Cephalexin is classified as category A in Australia, indicating it is generally safe during pregnancy and breastfeeding when prescribed by a doctor.
- Drug Interactions: Inform your doctor about all medications you are taking to avoid potential interactions.
Availability in Australia
Cephalexin is available by prescription only in Australia under various brand names, including APO-Cephalexin. It is essential to use this antibiotic only under medical supervision to ensure appropriate use and reduce the risk of antibiotic resistance.
Conclusion
Cephalexin is a trusted and effective antibiotic widely used in Australia to treat a broad spectrum of bacterial infections affecting the respiratory system, skin, urinary tract, and bones. Its proven efficacy, safety profile, and availability make it a cornerstone of antibiotic therapy in many clinical settings. Always follow your healthcare provider’s instructions carefully when using cephalexin and complete the full course to ensure successful treatment.