Gabapentin is a commonly prescribed medication in Australia used to treat conditions such as epilepsy, neuropathic pain, and sometimes anxiety. While it is generally well tolerated, like all medicines, gabapentin can cause side effects. Understanding these potential effects can help you manage them better and know when to seek medical help.
Common Side Effects
Many people taking gabapentin experience mild side effects, especially when starting treatment or increasing the dose. These often improve as your body adjusts. Common side effects include:
- Dizziness and unsteadiness: Feeling light-headed or having trouble with coordination is frequent and can increase the risk of falls.
- Drowsiness or sleepiness: Gabapentin may cause tiredness, affecting alertness and daily activities.
- Fatigue and weakness: Some users report general weakness or lack of strength.
- Mood changes: Restlessness, irritability, nervousness, or agitation can occur, particularly in children.
- Blurred or double vision: Visual disturbances like difficulty focusing or uncontrollable eye movements may happen.
- Swelling (peripheral oedema): Fluid retention causing swelling in hands, feet, or lower legs has been reported.
- Gastrointestinal issues: Nausea, vomiting, constipation, or dry mouth may be experienced.
- Other mild symptoms: Headache, tremors, muscle pain, and difficulty concentrating are also possible.
Less Common and Serious Side Effects
Though rare, some side effects require immediate medical attention. These include:
- Severe allergic reactions: Symptoms like rash, itching, hives, swelling of the face or throat, difficulty breathing, or wheezing.
- Increased seizure frequency or severity: If seizures worsen, contact your doctor promptly.
- Chest pain or very fast heart rate: These could indicate serious cardiovascular issues.
- Mental health changes: Hallucinations, irrational thinking, depression, or suicidal thoughts have been reported.
- Signs of infection: Fever, severe chills, sore throat, or mouth ulcers may indicate immune system effects.
- Respiratory problems: Difficulty breathing or shallow breaths, especially if combined with other sedatives.
Special Considerations for Children
Children taking gabapentin may be more prone to mood and behavioural changes such as agitation, hyperactivity, or depression. Close monitoring by caregivers and healthcare providers is essential.
Managing Side Effects
- Do not stop gabapentin suddenly: Abrupt discontinuation can lead to withdrawal symptoms or worsening of seizures. Always consult your doctor before changing your dose.
- Avoid alcohol and other sedatives: These can increase drowsiness and respiratory depression risk.
- Report new or worsening symptoms: Early communication with your healthcare provider helps manage side effects effectively.
When to Seek Emergency Help
Go to the nearest hospital or call emergency services if you experience:
- Severe allergic reactions (swelling of face, lips, tongue, or throat; difficulty breathing)
- Chest pain or very rapid heartbeat
- Loss of consciousness or severe seizures
- Severe skin rash or high fever
Summary
Gabapentin is an effective medication widely used in Australia but can cause side effects ranging from mild dizziness and drowsiness to rare but serious allergic reactions and mood changes. Most side effects improve over time, but it’s important to stay vigilant and communicate with your healthcare provider about any concerns.