Hemorrhoids, often called piles, are a common condition affecting a significant portion of the Australian population. Characterised by swollen veins in the lower rectum or around the anus, hemorrhoids can cause discomfort, pain, itching, and bleeding. Understanding the causes behind hemorrhoids helps Australians take preventive measures and seek appropriate treatment when necessary.
What Causes Hemorrhoids?
Hemorrhoids develop when the veins in the anal and rectal area become swollen and inflamed. This usually happens due to increased pressure in these blood vessels, which can arise from several factors common in Australian lifestyles.
Key Causes and Risk Factors in Australia
1. Constipation and Straining
One of the leading causes of hemorrhoids is constipation, which is prevalent in Australia due to low fibre intake and sedentary lifestyles. Hard or infrequent stools cause straining during bowel movements, putting excessive pressure on the anal veins and causing them to swell. Studies show that individuals with constipation have over four times the risk of developing hemorrhoids compared to those without12.
2. Being Overweight or Obese
Excess body weight increases pressure on the pelvic and rectal veins, contributing to hemorrhoid formation. In Australia, where overweight and obesity rates are high, this is a significant contributing factor. Research indicates that people with a body mass index (BMI) of 25 or above have more than twice the likelihood of developing hemorrhoids compared to those with a healthy weight12.
3. Ageing
Hemorrhoids are more common between the ages of 45 and 65. As Australians age, the tissues supporting the veins in the rectum and anus weaken, making hemorrhoids more likely to develop2.
4. Pregnancy
Pregnant women in Australia often experience hemorrhoids due to increased pressure from the growing uterus on pelvic veins and hormonal changes that relax vein walls. Around one in three pregnant women develop hemorrhoids, especially during the second and third trimesters35.
5. Prolonged Sitting or Straining
Spending long periods sitting, particularly on the toilet, increases pressure on the anal veins. This is common in modern sedentary lifestyles in Australia and can contribute to hemorrhoid development2.
6. Diarrhea and Frequent Bowel Movements
Chronic diarrhea or frequent bowel movements irritate and inflame the anal area, increasing the risk of hemorrhoids4.
7. Heavy Lifting and Physical Strain
Regularly lifting heavy objects or engaging in strenuous physical activity can raise abdominal pressure, aggravating hemorrhoids2.
8. Family History and Genetics
Some Australians may have a hereditary predisposition to hemorrhoids, although lifestyle factors often play a larger role1.
How These Causes Impact Australians
The prevalence of hemorrhoids in Australia is estimated to be around 39%, making it a common health concern. The condition not only causes physical discomfort but also affects quality of life and work productivity. The economic burden includes healthcare costs and lost working days13.
Preventing Hemorrhoids: What Australians Can Do
- Eat a Fibre-Rich Diet: Incorporate plenty of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes to promote regular, soft bowel movements.
- Stay Hydrated: Drink adequate water daily to prevent constipation.
- Exercise Regularly: Physical activity helps maintain healthy digestion and reduces pressure on veins.
- Avoid Prolonged Sitting: Take breaks to move around, especially if your job involves sitting for long periods.
- Respond Promptly to Bowel Urges: Don’t delay bowel movements to avoid constipation and straining.
When to Seek Medical Advice
If you experience persistent bleeding, severe pain, or prolapsed hemorrhoids, it’s important to consult a healthcare professional. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent complications and improve comfort.
Conclusion
Hemorrhoids in Australia are primarily caused by factors that increase pressure on the veins in the anal and rectal area, such as constipation, obesity, pregnancy, and prolonged sitting. Understanding these causes empowers Australians to adopt preventive measures and seek timely treatment. With proper care and lifestyle adjustments, hemorrhoid symptoms can be effectively managed, improving quality of life.