Swollen veins surrounding the anus or lower rectum are called hemorrhoids, or piles. Many Australians suffer from this prevalent ailment, which frequently results in discomfort like pain, swelling, itching, and occasionally bleeding. Effective alleviation and prevention of hemorrhoids depend on knowing how they form, how to treat them, and when to get help.
What Are Hemorrhoids?
Hemorrhoids occur when the blood vessels in the anal area become enlarged or inflamed. They can be:
- External hemorrhoids: These develop under the skin around the anus and can be felt as lumps or bumps. They may cause itching, pain, and swelling.
- Internal hemorrhoids: These form inside the rectum and are usually painless but can cause bleeding or prolapse (protruding outside the anus).
In some cases, internal hemorrhoids may prolapse and need to be gently pushed back inside.
Common Causes of Hemorrhoids in Australia
Several factors contribute to hemorrhoid development, including:
- Straining during bowel movements: Often due to constipation or hard stools.
- Sitting for long periods, especially on the toilet.
- Pregnancy: Increased pressure in the pelvic area can cause hemorrhoids.
- A low-fibre diet: Common in many Australian diets, leading to constipation.
- Obesity and lack of exercise.
- Aging: Tissue supporting veins weakens over time.
Recognising Symptoms
Symptoms of hemorrhoids around the anus include:
- Pain or discomfort, especially during or after bowel movements.
- Itching or irritation in the anal region.
- Swelling or lumps near the anus.
- Bright red bleeding during bowel movements.
- Mucous discharge or a feeling of incomplete evacuation.
If you notice significant bleeding or persistent pain, it’s important to see a doctor to rule out other conditions.
Managing Hemorrhoids at Home
Many Australians find relief through simple self-care measures:
- Warm sitz baths: Sitting in warm water for about 10 minutes several times a day, especially after bowel movements, can reduce pain and swelling.
- Cold compresses: Applying ice packs can help reduce inflammation and discomfort.
- Pain relief: Over-the-counter painkillers like paracetamol or ibuprofen may ease symptoms.
- Topical treatments: Creams and suppositories available from pharmacies can reduce itching and swelling. Always ask your pharmacist for advice on suitable products.
- Gentle hygiene: Clean the anal area with warm water after bowel movements, using unscented wipes or cotton pads rather than harsh toilet paper.
- Diet and hydration: Eating a fibre-rich diet with plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, and drinking enough water helps prevent constipation and straining.
- Exercise: Regular physical activity supports bowel health.
When to Seek Medical Treatment
If hemorrhoid symptoms persist, worsen, or significantly affect your quality of life, medical interventions may be necessary. Treatments available in Australia include:
- Rubber band ligation: A small rubber band is placed around the base of an internal hemorrhoid to cut off blood flow, causing it to shrink and fall off.
- Sclerotherapy: Injection of a solution to shrink hemorrhoidal tissue.
- Coagulation therapies: Using laser, infrared light, or electrical current to destroy hemorrhoid tissue.
- Surgical removal (haemorrhoidectomy): For severe or thrombosed hemorrhoids, surgery may be recommended.
In cases where a blood clot forms in an external hemorrhoid (thrombosed hemorrhoid), a doctor may perform a minor procedure to remove the clot and relieve pain.
Preventing Hemorrhoids
Prevention focuses on reducing strain and maintaining healthy bowel habits:
- Eat a diet high in fibre.
- Drink plenty of fluids.
- Avoid prolonged sitting on the toilet.
- Exercise regularly.
- Respond promptly to bowel urges to avoid constipation.
Hemorrhoids on the anus are a common and often manageable condition in Australia. Most cases improve with simple self-care, including warm baths, topical treatments, and lifestyle changes. However, persistent or severe symptoms warrant professional medical advice to explore advanced treatments.
If you experience bleeding, significant pain, or recurrent hemorrhoids, consult your GP or a colorectal specialist to ensure proper diagnosis and treatment.