Hemorrhoids, or piles, are swollen veins in the lower rectum and anus that can cause pain, itching, bleeding, and discomfort. They are a common issue affecting many Australians, often triggered by factors like constipation, pregnancy, prolonged sitting, or straining during bowel movements. Fortunately, a wide range of treatment options is available across Australia, from simple lifestyle changes and over-the-counter remedies to advanced medical and surgical interventions. This guide explores the various ways hemorrhoids are treated in Australia to help you find effective relief.
Self-Care and Lifestyle Changes
For mild to moderate hemorrhoid symptoms, many Australians benefit from simple self-care measures:
- Increase Fibre Intake: Eating more high-fibre foods such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes helps soften stools and reduce straining. Fibre supplements like Metamucil or Fybogel are also commonly recommended.
- Stay Hydrated: Drinking plenty of water aids digestion and stool passage.
- Avoid Prolonged Sitting: Especially on the toilet, as this increases pressure on anal veins.
- Regular Exercise: Helps improve bowel function and prevent constipation.
- Warm Sitz Baths: Sitting in warm water for 10-15 minutes several times a day can soothe pain and reduce inflammation.
- Good Hygiene: Gently cleaning the anal area with water and avoiding harsh toilet paper or wipes.
Over-the-Counter Treatments
Many pharmacies across Australia stock topical creams, ointments, and suppositories that help relieve pain, itching, and swelling. Common ingredients include:
- Hydrocortisone: A mild steroid that reduces inflammation.
- Lidocaine or Pramoxine: Local anesthetics that numb pain.
- Zinc Oxide and Witch Hazel: Natural astringents that soothe and shrink swollen tissues.
These treatments provide temporary relief but are not cures, so they are best used alongside lifestyle modifications.
Minimally Invasive Medical Procedures
If symptoms persist or worsen, medical procedures performed by specialists offer effective treatment without major surgery:
- Rubber Band Ligation: A small elastic band is placed around the base of an internal hemorrhoid to cut off its blood supply, causing it to shrink and fall off. This is one of the most common outpatient treatments in Australia and is suitable for grade 1 to 3 hemorrhoids.
- Sclerotherapy: A chemical solution is injected into the hemorrhoid to shrink it, often used for patients on blood thinners or those who cannot undergo banding.
- Infrared Coagulation: Uses heat to cause hemorrhoid tissue to shrink and scar, reducing symptoms.
These procedures are generally quick, performed in clinics or hospitals, and require minimal downtime.
Surgical Treatments
For severe, large, or recurring hemorrhoids, surgery may be necessary. Australian colorectal surgeons offer several options:
- Haemorrhoidectomy: Surgical removal of hemorrhoidal tissue, considered the most definitive treatment for advanced hemorrhoids. It can be done under general or regional anesthesia. Recovery may involve some pain and requires careful post-operative care.
- Stapled Haemorrhoidopexy: Also known as stapling, this procedure repositions prolapsed hemorrhoids and cuts off their blood supply using a circular stapler. It generally causes less pain and allows faster recovery but may have a higher recurrence rate.
- Haemorrhoidal Artery Ligation (HAL) or Transanal Hemorrhoidal Dearterialisation (THD): A minimally invasive technique where arteries supplying blood to hemorrhoids are tied off using Doppler guidance, causing shrinkage. Prolapsed tissue can also be lifted and secured.
When to See a Doctor
If you experience significant bleeding, severe pain, or symptoms that do not improve with home care, it’s essential to consult a healthcare professional. Persistent hemorrhoid symptoms can sometimes mimic or mask more serious conditions like colorectal cancer, so proper diagnosis is crucial.
Where to Access Treatment in Australia
- General Practitioners: First point of contact for diagnosis, advice, and initial treatment.
- Pharmacies: Provide over-the-counter creams and advice on symptom relief.
- Specialists: Gastroenterologists and colorectal surgeons offer advanced diagnostics and treatments, including procedures and surgery.
- Public and Private Hospitals: Surgical and procedural treatments are available in both settings, depending on patient needs and preferences.
Hemorrhoids are a common and often manageable condition in Australia. Most people find relief through lifestyle changes, dietary adjustments, and over-the-counter treatments. For persistent or severe cases, minimally invasive procedures and surgery provide effective solutions. Early consultation with healthcare professionals ensures proper care and helps prevent complications.