Hypothyroidism is a common health condition that affects thousands of Australians each year. It occurs when the thyroid gland — a small, butterfly-shaped gland located at the base of your neck — doesn’t produce enough thyroid hormones. These hormones play a crucial role in regulating the body’s metabolism, temperature, and heart rate. When the gland becomes underactive, it can trigger a wide range of physical and emotional symptoms that, if left untreated, can severely impact a person’s quality of life.
- How to cure hypothyroidism symptoms?
- What are 2 symptoms of hypothyroidism?
- What happens to a person with hypothyroidism?
- What is the main cause of hypothyroidism?
- Can hypothyroidism go away?
- What foods should I avoid in hypothyroidism?
What Causes Hypothyroidism?
In Australia, the most common cause of hypothyroidism is autoimmune thyroiditis, also known as Hashimoto’s disease, where the immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid gland. Other potential causes include thyroid surgery, radiation therapy, certain medications, and iodine deficiency — although iodine deficiency is rare in modern Australia due to iodised salt use and food fortification policies.
Recognising the Symptoms of Hypothyroidism
One of the major challenges of hypothyroidism is that its symptoms develop slowly and are often mistaken for general fatigue or ageing. The condition is especially prevalent among older women, but it can affect individuals of any gender or age.
Common symptoms include:
- Persistent fatigue and lethargy
- Increased sensitivity to cold
- Unexplained weight gain
- Dry skin and brittle nails
- Constipation
- Depression or irritability
- Slow heart rate
- Hair thinning or hair loss
- Memory issues or sluggish thinking
- Irregular or heavy menstrual cycles
Because these symptoms can be subtle, it’s important to consult a GP if they persist over time.
Getting Diagnosed in Australia
Hypothyroidism requires a medical diagnosis. In most cases, your doctor will order a blood test to measure the levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and the thyroid hormones T3 and T4. High levels of TSH and low levels of T4 typically confirm the diagnosis.
In Australia, routine thyroid screening isn’t recommended unless you have symptoms or risk factors, such as a family history of thyroid disease, autoimmune disorders, or are over the age of 60.
Treatment Options
Fortunately, hypothyroidism is a highly treatable condition. The standard treatment involves thyroid hormone replacement therapy, typically using levothyroxine, a synthetic form of the T4 hormone. This medication is taken daily and helps restore normal hormone levels, relieving symptoms over time.
It’s essential for patients to work closely with their healthcare provider to determine the correct dosage, as too much or too little can cause additional health issues. Regular blood tests help monitor and adjust treatment as needed.
Living with Hypothyroidism
Once properly managed, people with hypothyroidism can lead healthy, active lives. However, it’s a lifelong condition that requires ongoing monitoring. Lifestyle changes, such as maintaining a balanced diet, exercising regularly, and managing stress, can also support thyroid health.
Thyroid Specialists in Australia
While most cases of hypothyroidism are managed by general practitioners (GPs), complex or severe cases may be referred to an endocrinologist, a specialist in hormone-related disorders. Major hospitals and health centres across Australia have endocrinology departments, and services are accessible through the public health system or privately.