Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common yet complex hormonal condition affecting approximately 1 in 10 women of reproductive age in Australia. It’s a health issue that goes beyond irregular periods—PCOS can influence everything from weight and skin health to fertility and long-term wellbeing. As awareness grows across the country, so does the importance of understanding how PCOS affects Australian women and how it can be effectively managed.
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- How does PCOS affect life?
- How do I fix PCOS?
- Can people with PCOS get pregnant?
- How to help a girl with PCOS?
- What does a PCOS belly look like?
- Can PCOS go away?
What is PCOS?
PCOS is a hormonal disorder that typically involves elevated levels of androgens (male hormones), insulin resistance, and disrupted ovulation. The condition is named after the appearance of multiple small cysts on the ovaries, often seen in ultrasound scans. Despite the name, not all women with PCOS have cysts, and not all women with cysts have PCOS.
Common Symptoms of PCOS
Many Australian women experience the symptoms of PCOS without realising it. The most common signs include:
- Irregular or missed menstrual periods
- Excess hair growth on the face and body (hirsutism)
- Acne and oily skin
- Weight gain or difficulty losing weight
- Thinning hair or hair loss
- Difficulty getting pregnant (infertility)
Because these symptoms can vary widely, PCOS is often underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed.
How PCOS Affects Fertility
In Australia, PCOS is one of the leading causes of female infertility. Irregular or absent ovulation means that conception can be more difficult. However, many women with PCOS do go on to conceive naturally or with the help of fertility treatments. With early diagnosis and the right support, managing fertility is entirely possible.
Health Risks Linked to PCOS
PCOS is not just a reproductive issue. It’s linked to several long-term health risks, including:
- Type 2 diabetes
- High blood pressure
- Heart disease
- Depression and anxiety
- Sleep apnea
Australian health experts stress the importance of early detection and long-term monitoring of these associated risks, especially since many of them are preventable or manageable with lifestyle changes.
How is PCOS Diagnosed in Australia?
There’s no single test for PCOS. Diagnosis usually involves:
- A medical history and symptom check
- Blood tests to assess hormone levels
- Pelvic ultrasound to check for ovarian cysts
- Ruling out other conditions with similar symptoms
Australian general practitioners and gynaecologists often follow guidelines such as the Rotterdam Criteria, which require at least two of the following for a PCOS diagnosis: irregular periods, elevated androgens, or polycystic ovaries.
Managing PCOS in Australia
While there’s no cure for PCOS, it can be managed effectively. Many Australian women see significant improvement through:
1. Lifestyle Changes
A healthy diet and regular exercise can help manage insulin resistance and reduce symptoms. Even modest weight loss can restore ovulation in some women.
2. Medication
Doctors may prescribe birth control pills to regulate periods, anti-androgens to reduce hair growth, or metformin to address insulin resistance.
3. Fertility Treatment
For those trying to conceive, medications like clomiphene or letrozole may be used. In some cases, assisted reproductive technologies such as IVF are recommended.
The Role of Support and Awareness
In Australia, organisations such as Jean Hailes for Women’s Health and PCOS Australia offer valuable resources, research, and community support for women managing PCOS. Being informed and connected can make a huge difference when navigating both the physical and emotional impacts of the condition.