An enlarged spleen, medically known as splenomegaly, occurs when the spleen grows beyond its normal size. The spleen is located in the upper left part of the abdomen, just beneath the ribs and behind the stomach. While it plays a vital role in filtering blood and supporting the immune system, various conditions can cause it to enlarge, sometimes leading to noticeable symptoms.
Common Symptoms of an Enlarged Spleen
In many cases, an enlarged spleen does not cause obvious symptoms and may only be found during a routine medical exam or imaging tests. However, as the spleen grows, Australians might experience:
- Pain or discomfort in the upper left abdomen: This is the most frequent symptom. The pain can sometimes radiate to the left shoulder.
- Feeling full quickly when eating: Because the enlarged spleen presses against the stomach, you might feel full after eating only a small amount or even without eating.
- Loss of appetite and abdominal bloating: These often accompany the feeling of fullness.
- Fatigue and weakness: Due to anemia or other blood-related issues caused by the spleen’s overactivity.
- Frequent infections: An enlarged spleen can affect white blood cell function, leading to increased susceptibility to infections.
- Easy bleeding or bruising: This may occur if the spleen traps or destroys too many platelets, affecting blood clotting.
- Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing: In some cases, the enlarged spleen can press on the diaphragm, making breathing uncomfortable.
- Fever, chills, or general malaise: These symptoms may indicate an underlying infection or inflammation causing the spleen to enlarge.
When to Seek Medical Attention
If you experience persistent pain or fullness in the left upper abdomen, especially if it worsens with deep breaths, or if you notice unexplained fatigue, frequent infections, or easy bruising, it’s important to see a healthcare professional promptly. Severe or sudden pain accompanied by confusion or dizziness may signal a ruptured spleen, a medical emergency requiring immediate care.
Causes of Spleen Enlargement in Australia
Several health conditions can lead to splenomegaly, including:
- Infections: Such as glandular fever (mononucleosis), malaria, or other viral and bacterial infections.
- Blood disorders: Including leukemia, lymphoma, and other cancers affecting the blood or lymphatic system.
- Liver diseases: Like cirrhosis or portal hypertension.
- Inflammatory diseases: Such as rheumatoid arthritis or lupus.
- Other causes: Including cysts, abscesses, or trauma to the spleen.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Doctors may detect an enlarged spleen through physical examination or confirm it with imaging tests like ultrasound or CT scans. Blood tests help identify underlying causes. Treatment focuses on managing the root condition. In rare cases where the spleen causes severe problems, surgical removal (splenectomy) might be considered.
Summary
While an enlarged spleen often causes no symptoms, Australians should be aware of signs like upper left abdominal pain, early fullness, fatigue, and increased infections. Early medical evaluation can help diagnose the cause and guide appropriate treatment, preventing complications.