Often disregarded, the spleen is an essential organ that quietly maintains the integrity of our blood and the strength of our immune system. For Australians, staying healthy requires knowing how the spleen works and what resources are available for people who don’t have one.
What is the Spleen?
The spleen is an organ situated directly beneath the rib cage on the left side of the abdomen. It is an essential component of the immune and lymphatic systems and is normally approximately the size of a fist.
What Does the Spleen Do?
The spleen has three primary functions:
- Immune System Support: It helps the body fight infections by removing bacteria and other pathogens from the bloodstream. It is particularly important for protection against encapsulated bacterial infections. The spleen also produces white blood cells, which are essential for fighting disease.
- Blood Filtration: The spleen filters the blood, removing old, damaged, or abnormal cells. This process ensures that the blood remains healthy.
- Storage Tank: The spleen stores red blood cells and platelets, which it can release into the bloodstream in the event of significant blood loss.
Why is the Spleen Important?
The functions of the spleen are essential for preserving general health. It is an important component of the immune system and serves as a filter. The body is more vulnerable to infections when the spleen isn’t working properly.
What Happens When the Spleen Doesn’t Work Properly?
Hyposplenism, or a non-functioning spleen, can result from various conditions, including trauma, blood disorders, cancer, or certain diseases. People with hyposplenism face a lifelong risk of bacterial infections, which can potentially lead to overwhelming post-splenectomy infection (OPSI).
What is Spleen Australia?
Spleen Australia is a clinical service dedicated to preventing serious infections in people without a functioning spleen. They maintain a registry to keep members up-to-date with important information and strategies for reducing the risk and severity of infections8.
What Should Australians Do if They Don’t Have a Spleen?
If you don’t have a functioning spleen, it’s crucial to take precautions to minimize the risk of infection:
- Vaccinations: Ensure you’re up-to-date with vaccinations, including pneumococcal, meningococcal, and Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccines.
- Antibiotics: Consider taking preventive antibiotics, especially for at least three years after spleen removal.
- Be Alert for Signs of Infection: Seek medical attention promptly if you notice any signs of infection.
- Tell Medical Staff About Your Spleen Problems: Always inform healthcare providers about your spleen condition.
- Register with Spleen Australia: Register with Spleen Australia and carry medical identification.
Can You Live Without a Spleen?
Yes, it is possible to live without a spleen because other organs, such as the liver, can take over many of its functions. However, the risk of serious infection remains for life, emphasizing the importance of taking preventive measures and seeking medical attention when needed.
Coeliac Disease and Hyposplenism
Research has shown a connection between coeliac disease and hyposplenism, increasing the risk of life-threatening infections in people with coeliac disease.
The spleen plays a vital role in immunity and blood filtration. Australians without a functioning spleen need to take extra precautions to protect themselves from infection. Spleen Australia offers crucial support and resources to help manage this risk, ensuring a better quality of life.