Hypothyroidism, commonly known as an underactive thyroid, is a condition where the thyroid gland produces insufficient thyroid hormones. In Australia, it affects about 1 in 33 people, with women and older adults being more commonly diagnosed. When someone has hypothyroidism, their body’s metabolism slows down, which can lead to a range of physical and mental symptoms that develop gradually over time.
Common Symptoms Experienced
People with hypothyroidism often experience:
- Fatigue and low energy: Feeling unusually tired even after rest is one of the earliest and most common signs.
- Weight gain: Despite no changes in diet or exercise, many notice unexplained weight increase.
- Sensitivity to cold: A lowered metabolism makes it harder to tolerate cold temperatures.
- Dry, rough skin and hair changes: Skin may become dry and pale, and hair can thin or become brittle.
- Constipation and bloating: Digestive processes slow down, causing discomfort.
- Depression and cognitive issues: Many report mood changes, difficulty concentrating, and memory problems.
- Slow heart rate and muscle weakness: The body’s systems slow, leading to physical weakness and a reduced pulse.
- Goitre: In some cases, the thyroid gland enlarges, causing a visible swelling in the neck.
Health Complications if Untreated
If hypothyroidism is not diagnosed or treated in Australia, symptoms tend to worsen gradually, potentially leading to serious complications such as:
- High cholesterol and heart disease: The slowed metabolism can increase cholesterol levels, raising cardiovascular risk.
- Decreased fertility and pregnancy complications: Untreated hypothyroidism can cause difficulties conceiving and increase risks of miscarriage or complications during pregnancy.
- Severe hypothyroidism (myxoedema coma): Although extremely rare, this life-threatening condition can occur if hypothyroidism remains untreated for a long time.
- Growth and developmental problems in children: In younger Australians, untreated hypothyroidism can impair physical and intellectual development.
Diagnosis and Treatment in Australia
Hypothyroidism is diagnosed through blood tests measuring thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid hormone levels. The most common cause in Australia is an autoimmune condition called Hashimoto’s disease, where the immune system attacks the thyroid gland.
Treatment involves daily hormone replacement therapy with synthetic thyroxine, which restores normal hormone levels and alleviates symptoms. With proper management, most people lead a normal, healthy life. Regular monitoring ensures the correct medication dose and prevents side effects.
In summary, a person with hypothyroidism in Australia experiences a gradual slowing of bodily functions leading to symptoms like fatigue, weight gain, and cold intolerance. Early diagnosis and lifelong treatment are essential to prevent complications and maintain quality of life. If you notice symptoms or have risk factors, consult your GP for testing and care.