Cetirizine is a widely used antihistamine in Australia, primarily prescribed to relieve symptoms caused by allergies. It is especially effective in managing conditions related to hay fever, perennial allergic rhinitis, and chronic hives. Here’s a detailed look at the main uses of cetirizine based on Australian clinical guidelines and product information.
Relief of Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever)
One of the most common reasons Australians take cetirizine is to ease symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis, commonly known as hay fever. This condition occurs when the immune system reacts to airborne allergens like pollen. Cetirizine helps reduce symptoms such as:
- Sneezing
- Runny or blocked nose (rhinorrhoea)
- Itchy nose
- Watery, red, or itchy eyes
- Post-nasal drip
By blocking histamine, a chemical responsible for these allergic reactions, cetirizine provides effective symptom control, allowing sufferers to experience relief during pollen seasons.
Management of Perennial Allergic Rhinitis
Unlike seasonal allergies, perennial allergic rhinitis is a year-round condition triggered by indoor allergens such as dust mites, pet dander, mould, or cockroaches. Cetirizine is also indicated for this condition in Australia, helping to alleviate persistent symptoms like sneezing, nasal congestion, and itchy, watery eyes throughout the year.
Treatment of Chronic Idiopathic Urticaria (Hives)
Cetirizine is used to treat chronic idiopathic urticaria, a skin condition characterized by recurrent hives and intense itching without an identifiable cause. It significantly reduces the occurrence, severity, and duration of hives, as well as the associated itching (pruritus). This use applies to both adults and children aged six years and older.
How Cetirizine Works
Cetirizine is a second-generation antihistamine that blocks the H1 histamine receptors in the body. Histamine is released during allergic reactions and binds to these receptors, causing symptoms such as swelling, itching, and mucus production. By preventing histamine from acting, cetirizine effectively reduces allergy symptoms without causing significant drowsiness, which is common with older antihistamines.
Availability and Forms in Australia
Cetirizine is available in various forms including:
- 10 mg tablets (film-coated)
- Oral liquid or syrup formulations for children
- Orally disintegrating tablets
- Chewable tablets
Popular brand names include Zyrtec, Apo-Cetirizine, Trust Cetirizine, and Pharmacy Choice Cetirizine. It is available over-the-counter and by prescription, depending on the formulation and patient age.
Summary
In Australia, cetirizine is mainly used to relieve symptoms of:
- Seasonal allergic rhinitis (hay fever)
- Perennial allergic rhinitis
- Chronic idiopathic urticaria (hives)
Its ability to block histamine receptors makes it an effective and well-tolerated option for managing allergy symptoms in adults and children aged six years and above. Always use cetirizine as directed by a healthcare professional and consult your doctor if symptoms persist or worsen.