Hemorrhoids, also known as piles, are a common health issue affecting many Australians. They occur when the veins around the anus or lower rectum become swollen and inflamed, leading to symptoms like pain, itching, bleeding, and discomfort. But why do hemorrhoids happen in the first place? Understanding the causes can help you take steps to prevent them and manage symptoms effectively.
What Causes Hemorrhoids?
Fundamentally, hemorrhoids arise from elevated pressure on the anal and rectal blood veins. Similar to varicose veins in the legs, this pressure causes the veins to enlarge, strain, and occasionally protrude. This elevated pressure is caused by a number of variables, many of which are typical of Australian lifestyles.
Common Causes of Hemorrhoids in Australia
1. Constipation and Straining During Bowel Movements
Constipation, which results in firm stools and trouble passing them, is one of the most common causes. The anal veins enlarge as a result of the straining that occurs during bowel motions. Due to inadequate water consumption and low-fiber diets, many Australians suffer from constipation.
2. Ageing
Hemorrhoids tend to be more common between the ages of 45 and 65. As we age, the tissues supporting the veins in the rectum and anus can weaken, making hemorrhoids more likely.
3. Pregnancy and Childbirth
Because the developing baby puts pressure on the abdomen and pelvic veins, pregnancy raises the risk of hemorrhoids. Additionally, hormonal shifts loosen vein walls, increasing their susceptibility to edema. Hemorrhoids may also develop or worsen as a result of the strain experienced during labor.
4. Prolonged Sitting or Standing
Long durations of sitting, particularly on hard surfaces or the toilet, might put more strain on the anal veins. This is typical of certain jobs and sedentary lives in the modern world.
5. Heavy Lifting and Physical Strain
Activities that involve lifting heavy objects or intense physical exertion raise abdominal pressure, contributing to hemorrhoid formation.
6. Diarrhea and Frequent Bowel Movements
Chronic diarrhea irritates the anal area and can inflame the veins, increasing the risk of hemorrhoids.
7. Being Overweight or Obese
Excess weight adds pressure on the pelvic and rectal veins, making hemorrhoids more likely.
8. Poor Diet
A diet low in fibre and high in refined carbohydrates, common in many Australian diets, can contribute to constipation and inflammation, increasing hemorrhoid risk.
9. Hereditary Factors
Some people may inherit a tendency toward weaker vein walls, making them more susceptible to hemorrhoids.
How Hemorrhoids Develop Over Time
The tiny blood vessels and veins in and around the anus carry blood back to the heart. When this blood flow is slowed or obstructed-due to straining, pressure, or weakened veins-the vessels can become distended and swollen. Over time, this leads to the formation of hemorrhoids, which may remain internal (inside the rectum) or become external (under the skin around the anus).
Preventing Hemorrhoids: What Australians Can Do
Prevention focuses on reducing pressure on the anal veins and promoting healthy bowel habits:
- Eat a Fibre-Rich Diet: Include plenty of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes to keep stools soft and regular.
- Stay Hydrated: Drinking enough water helps prevent constipation.
- Exercise Regularly: Physical activity improves digestion and circulation.
- Avoid Prolonged Sitting: Take breaks to move around, especially if you have a desk job.
- Respond Promptly to Bowel Urges: Don’t delay going to the toilet to avoid constipation.
- Avoid Straining: Use stool softeners if necessary and avoid heavy lifting when possible.
When to Seek Medical Advice
If you experience persistent bleeding, severe pain, or prolapsed hemorrhoids, it’s important to see a healthcare professional. Early diagnosis ensures appropriate treatment and rules out other serious conditions like colorectal cancer.
Hemorrhoids happen mainly because of increased pressure on the veins around the anus and rectum. Factors such as constipation, pregnancy, ageing, and lifestyle habits common in Australia contribute to this condition. By understanding these causes and adopting healthy habits, Australians can reduce their risk of developing hemorrhoids and manage symptoms effectively when they occur.